Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Commented on Bibliography Example The strategy that has been utilized by the creator is structure to direct the exploration is the contextual analysis with a true utilization of parallelism. There are numerous cases and realities that have been enlivened by the creator. The explanation for utilizing this hotspot for the paper is on the grounds that it uncovers numerous significant purposes for the turn of events and advances among more seasoned and present day networks. The subsequent source taken with the end goal of research work is one that has been refered to by different scientists. It is primarily in light of the fact that the source utilizes a wide exhibit of cases, order, delineations that demonstrate the perusers about the historical backdrop of Europe during 1648 till 1815. The goal of the source is to examine the principle clashes that were noted or seen during the chose period. The strict components, cultural perspectives and monetary decrease are the features of the book. The writers of the book have rather become the purpose behind high believability of the book since they are very much educated and expert capable in the field of

Helping Young People Learn

Participating in youth club exercises has given me a rich encounter, which incorporates figuring out how to help and show the youthful. At whatever point we visit a network, we make it a point to spruce up calmly so we can relate effectively with individuals, and give them that we share a great deal for all intents and purpose. This permits them to feel good to impart their thoughts and emotions to us, causing us to comprehend their circumstance all the more clearly. A large portion of the networks we visit are made out of poor families, so they typically anticipate that us should give them food, dress, and toys for the kids.Aside from the material things, some portion of our program additionally gives instructional exercise meetings to kids to help in their investigations, and give them a thought of how they can add to the family's budgetary assets. Especially, I was appointed to mentor a gathering of youngsters about the age of thirteen. The adolescents were not schoolmates in scho ol, yet they had a place with just one level, in this way their exercises were the equivalent. Our normal meeting comprised of talking about themes in Science and Social Studies, and noting Math issues. 1.As we advanced with our instructional exercise meetings, we turned out to be close, and inevitably, they imparted to me their encounters in school and at home. I discovered that one of them was enduring in class in view of the family’s money related limitations. There were times when her folks needed more cash to back her undertakings in school, or give her ordinary supper recompense. Given this circumstance, I helped the youngster find different approaches to do her tasks. For instance, when they were approached to make a schedule in their Art subject, I showed her how to utilize recyclable materials, for example, hued paper cups, old magazines, and void nibble foils.In the following undertaking that she did, I noticed that she utilized this sort of materials and achieved t he venture on her own utilizing other reused assets. In light of this, I felt that the young lady took in something from me with respect to cost cutting when achieving school ventures. Training somebody to be clever is critical to improve inventiveness also. As indicated by Vaune Ainsworth-Land (1982), there are four classifications of a procedure and its item. The main classification works due to legitimate need. As far as I can tell, we see that we had the option to think of a decent yield out of the need to make an undertaking at a low cost.In Maslow’s, this class is an essential one, as it unifies on the possibility of materialistic need. The subsequent class includes the scientific procedure. Alluding back to our experience, the kid discovered that she could do a ton of things even without spending, and she would get a superior evaluation by reusing materials. In behaviorist hypotheses, this clarifies the operant reaction wherein the individual is remunerated for a decen t conduct. The third classification includes incorporating and innovation.As referenced over, the kid figured out how to achieve ventures utilizing a similar sort of material, hence she had the option to apply her insight in different things. This conduct speaks to Koestler's bisociation, in light of the fact that the kid had the option to apply the scholarly idea to various perspectives. The fourth classification is â€Å"the extreme type of relatedness,† (Ainsworth-Land, 1982) in which the individual supposedly attains a â€Å"transformed cognizance. † Applying this to the circumstance, the youngster that we alluded to would later accomplish this, when she keeps on applying her insight into down to earth terms.Another understudy that I coached experienced issues in tackling word issues in Math. In light of his conduct, I perceived that his concern stirred from not having enough tolerance to grasp things in critical thinking. Evidently, perusing issues befuddled and e xhausted him the second they showed up. To address this issue, I moved him to envision what was being depicted in one of their math issues, and represent what he comprehended in it. It demonstrated that the kid comprehended the issue totally in the wake of showing it, and he had the option to take care of the issue after that.The hypothesis of Situated Learning (1988) by J. Lave clarifies that a kid can adapt effectively when the unique circumstance and action depend on his own understanding. To help the kid in critical thinking, what I did was to arrange him in the action, and made him a piece of the circumstance by requesting that he show dependent on his experience of the issue. Especially, I let him draw the circumstance and didn't direct what was passed on. The action made the kid communicate better, which additionally prompted propel him to concoct the right answer.Other scholars, for example, Brown, Collins and Duguid (1989) underlined dynamic discernment over ideas and portr ayal. In this way, by outlining, the youngster increased a functioning impression of what was introduced in the issue. The other kid that I dealt with had issues with his cohorts who harassed him. Because of what his cohorts did to him, he felt hesitant to go to class, and claimed to be debilitated now and again. During our meeting, I asked him first what different young men let him know, and why they called him with terrible words. The kid said that different young men called him names and composed on his notebook.I felt the boy’s torment as he enlightened me regarding the threats of his schoolmates, so immediately, I educated his mom regarding the circumstance, and prompted her to talk with the study hall consultant or the direction advocate in the school. I accept this ought to be dealt with by experts in the school as different understudies were included. Through answering to the educator and school instructor, the young men were denounced of their prodding, and my compan ion felt good. Later on, he felt progressively happy with going to class on the grounds that different young men previously quit prodding him.A parcel of youngsters experience this phase when their friends tormented them in vain. In these cases, the casualty attempts to hush up about the circumstance since he is hesitant to make a situation in class, or is undermined by his companions. As indicated by Maslow’s hypothesis of Motivation and Personality (1954), an individual is driven by both interior and outer variables. What's more, one’s inspiration is ruled by his particular needs. In the boy’s circumstance, we can distinguish his requirement for belongingness as the factor that made him disappointed with school.Because this need was not understood, the kid felt hesitant to go to class, in this way the inspiration to go to class was related with his requirement for companions and friendship. At the point when the need was tended to, the boundary to adapting lik ewise fallen. 2. Beside coaching understudies in their scholastic subjects, I likewise disclosed to them stories to instruct esteems like fellowship, trustworthiness, and administration to other people. In one meeting, I disclosed to them a tale, where a bunny relinquished for another creature. Having recounted to the story, I provoked them to plan something comparative for what the principle character did, and recount to their accounts next time.Amazingly, one of the kids paid attention to my test, and did what I let them know. He described to us how he helped a man he saw in the city by sharing him some food, and giving him medication to recuperate the man’s wound. In recounting to this story, the kid communicated how it felt great to do such graciousness, and how the man expressed gratitude toward him with a grin. He purported that he will do this again once he sees someone else requiring his assistance. Much the same as the character in the story, he said that the generos ity he demonstrated the man will go far in light of the fact that by helping, he carried want to the man, and caused him to feel loved.The kid included that if others would do likewise, no man will by lying cold in the city. The words the kid expressed mirrored his own acknowledgment dependent on experience. Those words additionally helped me to remember the Good Samaritan, who helped an evil man lying neglected. The experience of the kid helped all to remember us, particularly me, of our duty to other people, particularly the destitute. With such great Samaritans like the kid, we can see trust in the people to come. 3. The accomplishment of a group relies upon the presentation of each member’s role.Applying Meredith Belbin’s (1981) Nine Roles in Team Management, I filled in as the â€Å"specialist† in the instructional exercise meeting for young people, showing them how to utilize the Internet as a helpful device for look into. Because of the set number of PCs, and my own expectation of causing them to figure out how to show others, I at first showed just four understudies to get to the Internet. Thusly, these understudies showed their friends and filled in as the â€Å"company workers† who gave crafted by showing others in their community.In one week’s time, we had the option to show a sum of forty-five kids how to utilize the Internet in their task and propelled readings. As talked about by Tuckman (1965) in his Stages of Group Development, we depleted the way to arrive at our shared objective of achieving learning for the gathering. Furthermore, we additionally evaluated singular execution by requesting that they make a straightforward research on their subject of intrigue. During the Performing stage, the â€Å"company workers† or those entrusted to instruct their friends encountered a few issues in that their companions needed to invest energy visiting gaming sites.This fairly relinquished the reason for showing them the utilization of the Internet for inquire about purposes, however with close observing, the conduct was adjusted immediately. After the Performing stage, the center gathering was approached to assess what they achieved regarding their own jobs during the preparation. Outstandingly, the understudies felt extremely glad for having the option to show their friends, and taking a gander at the yields, they appreciated recollections of partaking in other’s learning. References Berguist, Carlisle. (n. d. ) A similar perspective on innovativeness speculations: Psychoanalytic, behavioristic, and humanistic.Retrieved January 2, 2008, from http://vantagequest. organization/trees/near. htm Famous models: Stages of gathering improvement. (2001). Recovered January 2, 2008, from http://www. chimaeraconsulting. com/tuckman. htm Gawel, J

How to Use a Blog to Grow a Business or Professional Brand

How to Use a Blog to Grow a Business or Professional Brand The past decade has ushered in a new way of advertising through blogging, online content, and social media campaigns. If you own a business or are marketing a product or service, there really is no better way to drive traffic to your site than through a regular, content-rich blog. Blogs offer business owners and service providers a way to show their expertise, attract customers, and build rapport with existing customers through relevant content that is related to their industry or specialty.In tough economic times, business owners and service providers are seeking ways to cut costs while expanding their customer base. Blogging is an inexpensive marketing strategy that only takes a few minutes of your time but one that can have significant impact on your growing business. Whether you chose to hire a professional writer to do your blogging or write it yourself, there are a few key tips to keep in mind if you plan to use a blog to grow a business or professional brand.Keep it profession alThe biggest mistake most bloggers make when using a blog to grow a business or professional brand is to treat the blog with less professionalism than they would treat their website or other content marketing strategies. While a blog is certain a less formal way to market your services or expertise, it is still interaction with your customer base and should be treated as such. A lack of professionalism will likely reflect negatively on your company or brand.Keep it relevantHeres an example: If your business involves photography, your blog should be related solely to photography â€" not to your other personal interests, activities, or musings. However, a blog in this case would be an excellent way to share some of your out-of-studio photography work, some shots of your family or friends (for a more personal touch), or to talk about certain aspects of photography that attracted you to the art form in the first place. It is also an excellent venue to inform your customer base about in dustry-related news or products. This allows your customers (both current and potential ones) to get a feel for what inspires you and your level of expertise in the industry, building trust and rapport. All of these things are good and essential in growing a business.Spell checkAnother aspect of professionalism is making sure your blog is free of spelling and grammar errors. This is why it always helps to have another person read over it before you publish. Sometimes, an extra pair of eyes reading over content is all that is needed to point out obvious mistakes that the writer may have missed or might not know is a mistake. Peer editing or hiring a professional editor should be a must for any content before it is published (not after!).If you cant get someone else to edit for you, spend as much time editing and proofreading your content as you spend writing it, if not more. Read over it several times and if you come across an issue that you arent sure about, look it up. Better to be safe than sorry later when someone informs you that you mis-typed or misused a particular word.Microblogging and social media sitesStarbucks used this marketing tactic to expand their business past a slump the company experienced in 2009. Microblogging is similar to status updates or tweets, but takes the concept further in encouraging customer interaction and feedback. Microblogging can be anything from short blog posts or status updates about new products and the latest information, to customer surveys and a forum that allows your customer base to interact with your company on a daily (or weekly) frequency. Its important, however, to keep this content fresh. Mix it up with pictures, video, commentary, and new product or service information. The more engaging your content, the more likely your audience will respond positively to it and seek your advice or expertise.An important thing to keep in mind with connecting your blog to other social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Link edIn, etc., is to keep your blog the central point of activity where you write the content and connect the social media sites to it (such as a status update on Facebook that links directly to your blog posts). Think of the social media sites as a method of announcing a new blog post, rather than as in addition to your blog. The intent is to drive traffic to your blog, and ultimately, to your businesss website.Time it rightThere are trends in blogging that should be considered when you create a post. The ideal is to post when visitors are most likely to see your content. According to market research, the times people are most likely to be reading blog posts are Mondays at 11 AM ET.Link your blog to your websiteWhen you use tools like RSS feeds that link your blog posts to your website, this allows new, fresh content to be shown on your website daily. This step is vital because it vastly improves search rankings through relevant keywords.

Russia s Political And Military Features And Evaluate The...

Russia Part II Jerome C. Gavino Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract This research paper would cover Russia’s political and military features and evaluate the threat that Russia poses against the United States. Russia Part II Russian Politics During the late 19th to early 20th century, Russia under the rule of Nicholas II is transforming itself into a more industrialized country. This transformation produced revolutionary socialist movements that quickly grew in power and influence throughout Russia. These opposition movements are formed by Russian labor workers are referred to as soviets. Out of these soviets, the Bolsheviks emerged in 1903 as a radical wing led by a prominent Russian and communist figure named Vladimir Lenin. The events in 1905 which involved a number of embarrassing Russian loses against the Japanese in their conflicts in the eastern Pacific made the government even less popular among its people. It sparked violent protests across the country including Russia’s then capital St. Petersburg. A number of peaceful demonstrators would be killed and injured as a result of these massive protests. These incidents would spark the Russian revolution of 1905, an unsuccessful revolution tha t was suppressed by the government. Less than a decade later, World War I would erupt and Russia would find itself at war (â€Å"Russian History,† n.d.). While fighting during World War I, Russia’s military sustained heavy loses and food supplies across the countryShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War2534 Words   |  11 PagesSince the end of the Cold War, the total amount of wars has declined sharply compared to those that occurred during the cold war period. According to Baylis et al. the 1990’s were the least violent decade since the end of World War II. Along with the striking decline of wars, lie a new form of state cooperation, one which theorists call the Democratic Peace Theory. This theory holds that while democracies do go to war that they do not fight each other. In essence, in a region where all democraticRead MoreThe Sources of Kennan’s Conduct: George F. Kennan as a Shaper of U.S. Foreign Policy 2029 Words   |  9 Pagesthat Kennan had a profound impact on the exercise of American foreign policy during the Cold War. This essay assesses the overall strengths and weaknesses of Kennan as a shaper of United States foreign policy. Beginning with a discussion of the political environment within which foreign policy decisions were made, the essay continues with an appraisal of Kennan’s strengths—namely, his creation of a dispassionate, pragmatic and interests-based conception of national security—and his weaknesses—namelyRead MoreComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 PagesCultural differences A comparison of Russia and Japan Kristina Aksakova Exchange student Virrat, 2011 [pic][pic] Table of contents General information about Russia and Japan 4 Japan 4 Background 4 Tsunami Devastates Japan 5 History 6 Geographical facts 8 Demographical facts 9 Economic facts 11 FOREIGN RELATIONS 13 Governmental facts 15 Infrastructural facts 16 Russia 18 Background 18 History 18 Geographical factsRead MoreCommunism vs. Democracy : Emergence of the Cold War2266 Words   |  10 Pages25.03.2012 Essay Topic #2 - Using documents 1.1-1.6 and your wider knowledge, evaluate the assumptions underlying Soviet and US polices at the end of the Second World War. 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Before World War II there were six greatRead MoreWorld War Ii and Hitler8135 Words   |  33 PagesTreaty Anagrams and Versailles Feelings Anagrams - Treaty of Versailles Wordsearch - Treaty of Versailles Crossword Section 3 Hitler s Actions Page 14,15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 - Information Pages - Suggested Activities - What Hitler Did Blank Timeline Frame - What Hitler did and Allies Response Blank Table - Hitler s Actions Wordsearch - Hitler s Actions Crossword WWII Causes Information Activity Book  © 2005 H Y Wheeler www.historyonthenet.com Section 4 The Policy of AppeasementRead MoreThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century20678 Words   |  83 PagesCo-movements of government spending and output. 2) The short-term variations between government spending and output from any longer-term relationship. 3) The variation in the relationship between government spending and output by focusing on key political and economic determinants. With few exceptions (mostly for Latin America), existing studies of developing countries like Jamaica have either focused on the long-run relationship between spending and output, or have examined the volatility of growthRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pageschallenges for international management reflect this dynamism and the increasing unpredictability of global economic and political events. Continued growth of the emerging markets is reshaping the global balance of economic power. Many emerging markets continued to experience growth during a period in wh ich developed countries saw their economies stagnate or decline. 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We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesTopic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policies were great, they brought a lot of growth in the 20’s allowing the market to strive over lots of trading and the purchase

Marketing Plan For A Successful Coffee Shop - 1105 Words

Chris Crosser is one of the most successful interpreters under the age of thirty. He started his career in photography based on his love for it and wanting to capture the world. He once said that â€Å"opportunities don’t happen you create them†. What this quote is saying is to peruse dreams. Businesses do not create themselves if someone wants to start a business they have to be prepared. They can not just start a business without a good strategy; they have to have preparations in place in order for the business to become very successful. For example, the Starbucks Company started with one store in Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington in 1971. Starbucks now has over 21,000 stores in 65 different countries. To achieve this level of success, one must have a good business plan, excellent marketing materials, and a consistent quality product. The first step to running a successful coffee shop is to create a good business plan. Some steps that go into making a business plan include; figuring out how many products to sell and how much each product is going to be sold for. Market research is important here to determine the customer base and how much they would be willing to pay for the product. In order to manage the level of debt and keep it at a minimum before opening up the business, one must think of ideas that will keep the cost down, such as not buying the most expensive coffee machine on the market or buying a brand new building and having to start from scratch. Also,Show MoreRelatedMkt421 Marketing Mix Paper1370 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix Paper Brian Morales MKT 421 October 15, 2012 Kim Houseman Marketing Mix Paper Nowadays, for a company to be successful in the business world one must have a good marketing plan to be successful. One way to accomplish a successful business plan is to use something known as the marketing mix or the four P’s of marketing. 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The company will import coffee beans grown in Brazil and will expand the importation capacity from 6,000 kg per year to 12000 kg per year. With the provision of the coffee, the company has taken its first step towards a different horizon of the food business. The company remains adheres to high quality and will offer quality coffee beans, unlike its competitors. The objective of the marketing planRead MoreMarketing Plan: Phase 11621 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Plan: Phase l This marketing plan will give an overview of the existing organization and describe a new product or service. An explanation of the importance of marketing for the selected organization’s success will be addressed. A SWOTT analysis on the new product or service will be written. In addition, the marketing research approach used to develop the marketing strategy and tactics for this new product or service will be stated (University of Phoenix, 2011). Existing organizationRead MoreMkt 500 - Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning1530 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam David Wilson Professor: Dr. Edward Sherbert MKT 500 – Marketing Management 1/26/2013 In this assignment we will describe our fictitious company and provide its background. Then we will start building the marketing plan with a focus on segmenting and positioning our product and service. Our company is called ‘The Glazed Doughnut.’ It started off as a small doughnut shop located in Clemson, South Carolina. Over the course of a few years, theRead MoreEssay Pacific Coffee Marketing Plan1188 Words   |  5 Pagesto make Pacific Coffee a community hub known for its informality and friendly attitude. Since the opening of its first coffeehouse in 1992, Pacific Coffee has provided world-class coffee to satisfy Hong Kongs growing demand for specialty coffee beverages, and served as a urban oasis for customers wishing to have a moment of peace in their busy, hectic life. 2. Existing Business Portfolio In addition to world-class coffee, great food and comfortable surroundings, Pacific Coffee also strives toRead MoreWhile Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesNeeds a Marketing Plan Angela Bostick-Dixon Ashford University Strategic Planning amp; Marketing in Health Care MHA 626 Cynthia Davis November 27, 2011 Why Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan The business plan of any organization can only occur after a successful strategic plan is form and securely in place. The strategic plan in any corporation, organization, and small business ventures has a vision on where this organization needs to be in the future. â€Å"The strategic plan isRead MoreBiz Cafe Reflections Essay953 Words   |  4 Pageshow we made Coffee Connection run as a successful coffee shop. In this paper, I will also discuss my thoughts on teamwork and the significant factors of running a small business. My Biz Cafà © Simulation Learning Experience Taking part in the Biz Cafà © simulation has been one of the most motivating, enjoyable and enriching learning tools that I have ever been given the opportunity to utilize. It actually gives you the surreal feeling that you are really running your own coffee shop business. IRead MoreSwot Analysis957 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiple business plans that were offered, I went with Jolly s Java and Bakery for my SWOT analysis. 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The Peterbridge coffee shop was a comfortable place to meet friends and to relax

Analysis of Act 1 Scene 1 of Measure for Measure Free Essays

Act 1 Scene 1 at its most basic interpretation is encircling the thoughts and actions of three characters; the Duke, Escalus and Angelo. The reader observes the Duke of Vienna telling Escalus, an his advisor, that he is leaving the city and would like to leave Angelo in his place. Escalus agrees with the Duke’s choice and Angelo is summoned. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Act 1 Scene 1 of Measure for Measure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Angelo appears surprised and slightly reluctant of the Dukes offer but accepts it readily. However if the reader decides to prove deeper inside the scene, it becomes clear that the seemingly simple interpretation above conceals a more complex scenarios. Firstly the scene is set the city of Vienna in approximately 1604, the reader is made aware it is Vienna when Escalus states, ‘if any in Vienna†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢The reader is left to wonder whether the play is set in Vienna because of it beautiful historic acitchecture or it dazzling surrounding. Or if perhaps there is a more fundamental reason such as the plays context, whether for instance the themes running rife throughout the play are so diverse and unconventional for its time, that Shakespeare feared situating it in more familiar surroundings such as England. These imminent revelations help to captivate and develop the curiosity of the reader. The language used in measure of measure is Elizabethan, formal and conventional of its time. The play is composed of words such ‘t’affect’ and ‘y’ are’ which were frequently used during that period. The play is constructed within iambic pentameter are subsequently blank verses. The fact that the verses do not rhyme may indicate to the reader, the sincerity of the issues stirring inside the play. As in most plays, the characters within it help guide the play through its stages. Measure for Measure is not an exception. The Duke appears to be an intelligent and sensitive man who cares about the welfare of his citizens, this is emphasised utters statements such as ‘The nature of our people, Our city’s institutions, and the terms For common justice†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘ I love the people’ although he seems to be dismayed by the by the decay in his city and wishes to reform it. The Duke speaks with formal, somewhat legalistic language of a ruling, noble figure. He uses the royal ‘we’ and regards the citizens of Vienna â€Å"our people,† the city is â€Å"our city†. Again demonstrating his status as well as his care for his citizens. His diction is quite elegant in some places; he makes use of alliteration, stating that with his â€Å"special soul† he has chosen Angelo. The Duke also uses paradoxical terms that convey the d uties of a ruler; he says he will lend Angelo both his â€Å"terror† and his â€Å"love† to rule with, showing how a ruler must be authoritarian, yet caring for his subjects. This causes the reader to ponder just why he is leaving and what drives the urgency. The Duke seems to confide earnestly in Escalus his advisor. Escalus seems to genuinely respect and look up to the Duke, along with a strong fondness towards Duke. The reader becomes increasingly aware of this throughout the scene. A classic example is when Escalus chimes ‘I’ll wait upon your honour’ just before the Duke’s departure. As a result the reader is not sure whether Escalus agreed with the Duke’s choice because of his fondness for the Duke or if hemade an objective decision and agreed. The puzzling issue is likely to befriend the reader and subsequently encourage them to read on. The reader is made aware that Escalus is an intelligent man, when to the Duke reports to Escalus, ‘since I know your own science exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice my strength can give you. Then no remains but that, to sufficiently, as your worth is able’. The reader is left to wander how substantial Escalus’s role will be in the remainder of the play. Lastly we are introduced to Lord Angelo. The Duke and Escalus both seem to be immensely confident in Angelo’s capabilities. Highlighted with phrases such as when Escalus states ‘ if any in Vienna be worth to undergo such ample grace and honour it is Lord Angelo’ and when the Duke states to Angelo that: ‘There is a kind of character in thy life that to the’ observer doth thy history fully unfold. Thyself and thy belongings are not thine own so proper as to waste thyself upon thy virtues, they on thee’. Angelo is portrayed as a young trustworthy, righteous able man. However he although he does accept the offer humbly he does express reluctantly and concern as times. For example when he pleads, ‘let there be some more test made of my mental before so noble and so great a figure be stamped upon it’. The reader cold possibly perceive this as warning to his behaviour in the rest of the pay. Angelo’s righteous appearance subtley di sturbs the reader; the reader is subsequently left to ponder whether there is something sinister under this loveable exterior. The imagery of a coin could possibly signify Angelo becoming corrupt and obsessed with money. After the reader’s brief introduction to the setting, chracteters and subsequent situation the scene leaves the audience crying what next. As although it is a short scene the reader is overwhelmed with a variety of themes and potentialities. Such as the Dukes intentions. For instance why this imminent departure? Also the reason for the portayl of Angelo is it possibly to contradict his behaviour within the rest of the play. The scene could also be a breeding ground for lots of themes for instance, how power can curopt or how responsibility is handled. To summarise although Act 1 scene 1 appears docile in appearance, the volcano is bubbling with possible revelations waiting to erupt, possibly mirroring the potential pattern for the rest of the play. How to cite Analysis of Act 1 Scene 1 of Measure for Measure, Papers

Qualitative Research Methods free essay sample

Question 1 Compare and contrast the following qualitative research methods: case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. Synthesize the findings and determine which is best suited to a study on your potential dissertation topic. Analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias in such a study. Qualitative Research Methods Introduction It is common for researchers to compare qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative methods originate from positivist and post- positivist research paradigms.Also, the methods objectively examine statistical data to determine cause and affect and often use generalizable data. There are various methods used in quantitative research such as surveys, experiments, statistical analysis, and numerical modeling (Myers 1997; Creswell 2003). Therefore, such a researcher gains knowledge through the use of hypotheses, measurement, and observation. In contrast, the focus of qualitative research methods is on relativistic and constructivist ontology that suggest a lack of objective reality (Lythcott Duschl, 1990).In some ways, participants construct realities by imposing their experiences on social and cultural phenomena. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are five types of qualitative research methods: case study, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and narrative research. These methods allow researchers to gather an in-depth understanding of social and cultural phenomena using inquiry tactics to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study. The qualitative inquiry is subject to the participant’s interpretations of the occurrences through observation and in-depth interviews. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast three of the five qualitative research methods: case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. According to Merriam (1998), the research methods are similar in their quest for understanding and meaning, data collection and analysis, the use of surveys, an inductive orientation analysis, and findings that are descriptive. In contrast, there are differences in qualitative research terms: disciplinary orientation (ethnography, phenomenology); function (grounded theory); form (case study, basic qualitative study).In conclusion, since this researcher’s potential dissertation topic is on women in leadership, the objective of this research is to evaluate case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. In effort to better understand the challenges women in leadership face in climbing the corporate ladder; this researcher selected the phenomenological method for conducting the research. Then, the plan is to synthesize the fin dings, and in conclusion, analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias as they pertain to women in leadership. Qualitative Research MethodsThere are three research methods: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method to execute a study. According to Creswell (2009), the differences between these research methodologies are as follows: qualitative research collects descriptive and narrative data intentionally to understanding the perspective of the study. Also, it uses observation and unstructured interviews to explore the topic broadly. Quantitative research collects data and numerically codes and statistically analyzes it to determine the findings of the study. Also, it uses experiments, surveys and measurements to determine results.Last, mixed methodology research uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research the topic. Although, a researcher can use quantitative or mixed research for a study on women in leadership, and achieve significant analytical findings. The option chosen for this study is to employ a qualitative research methodology. According to Jones, Kriflik, and Zanko (2005), qualitative research methodology focuses on the human experience as it relates to social and cultural phenomena. Therefore, this study will examine the social and cultural phenomena of women in leadership in a male dominated society.In addition, this approach explores how the phenomenon is studied through assumptions and answers to the what in the study (Lee, 1992). Thus, this method gives a researcher an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences using qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study. Qualitative research is subject to judgments about the data and synthesizes the findings using specialized approaches such as experimental or non-experimental. Researchers often opt to use non-experimental approaches in studies using surveys, interviews, observations, and case studies.Even though an experimental approach is appropriate in quantitative research, it further enables resear chers to find answers and collect data (Bagozzi Yi, 2012). This approach is unique in its hypotheses and the study of behavior, making it valid and reliable. They are five types of approaches to select within qualitative research: case study, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and narrative research. Each research method is distinct in its approach towards inquiry within the qualitative paradigm in terms of appearance, conditions, focus, and theories (Creswell, 1998).There are also similarities in these approaches such as characteristics and assumptions concerning the context of the study. This research evaluates each approach and determines that the phenomenology method is best suited for the study of women in leadership and the challenges they face climbing the corporate ladder. Case Study Research Method A case study research is an empirical inquiry in which a researcher investigates participants, events, activities, and processes. According to Creswell (2009), the empirical inquiry collects data from multiple sources and exami nes them in detail over a period of time. The main purpose of a case study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the study’s process and outcome. Therefore, a researcher uses four factors: creates research questions, investigates tactics, sets up variables, and predicts an outcome. There are three types of case studies: (a) an instrumental case study focuses on the general aspects of the case; (b) an intrinsic case study focuses on understanding the details of the case; and (c) a collective case study which allows a researcher to compare multiple cases within a single research (Stake, 1995).The commonality among the three types of case studies is the descriptive or exploratory design which depends on the strategy of the study. Exploratory research emphasizes the relationship between factors; whereas, descriptive research focuses on documenting conditions, attitudes or characteristics of participants in the study (Creswell, 2009). Therefore, a researcher must structure the research questions to produce answers that identify the purpose statement.Miles and Huberman (1994) suggest the questions be quasi-deductive which is open-ended and structured directly from the conceptual framework in terms of variables, relationships and context. A case study is specific in its data collection approach such as in ethnographic and observational strategies. Researchers often use the ethnographic approach because it enhances the investigation by including culture, organization, and groups (Creswell, 2009). However, observational strategies enable researchers to examine the data through fieldwork, records, and reports.

Free Essays on A “Great Speech“ On Winston Churchills Iron Curtain Speech

Great Speech: Winston Churchil â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† (the â€Å"Iron Curtain† speech.) â€Å"An iron curtain has descended across Europe, all of her famous cities and populations around the line in what I might call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.† When Winston Churchil delivered a speech to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5th, 1946, he was not thinking about destroying the Soviets, or trying to threaten them. Churchil named this speech â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† in order to call for peace. He spoke to contain communism, and to form a strong union between American and Great Britain, that would last for â€Å"centuries to come.† â€Å"The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. With the power of democracy, comes responsibility for the future. It is important that we inscribe nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands. To give security to these homes, they must be shielded from the two gaunt marauderswar and tyranny. Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. We are all agreed on that. We must be certain that our temple of peace is built not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon the rock. Anyone can see, with his eyes open, that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.† In this last excerpt, Churchil puts responsibility on the shoulders of America and the allied forces. He establishes characteristics of peace: safety, welfare, freedom, and progress, as the necessities to achieve, and maintain peace. This foundation alludes to a later portion of the speech, when Chu... Free Essays on A â€Å"Great Speechâ€Å" On Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Free Essays on A â€Å"Great Speechâ€Å" On Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Great Speech: Winston Churchil â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† (the â€Å"Iron Curtain† speech.) â€Å"An iron curtain has descended across Europe, all of her famous cities and populations around the line in what I might call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.† When Winston Churchil delivered a speech to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5th, 1946, he was not thinking about destroying the Soviets, or trying to threaten them. Churchil named this speech â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† in order to call for peace. He spoke to contain communism, and to form a strong union between American and Great Britain, that would last for â€Å"centuries to come.† â€Å"The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. With the power of democracy, comes responsibility for the future. It is important that we inscribe nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands. To give security to these homes, they must be shielded from the two gaunt marauderswar and tyranny. Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. We are all agreed on that. We must be certain that our temple of peace is built not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon the rock. Anyone can see, with his eyes open, that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.† In this last excerpt, Churchil puts responsibility on the shoulders of America and the allied forces. He establishes characteristics of peace: safety, welfare, freedom, and progress, as the necessities to achieve, and maintain peace. This foundation alludes to a later portion of the speech, when Chu...

Two-Digit Multiplication Lesson Plans

Two-Digit Multiplication Lesson Plans This lesson gives students an introduction to two-digit multiplication. Students will use their understanding of place value and single digit multiplication to begin multiplying two-digit numbers. Class: 4th grade Duration: 45 minutes Materials papercoloring pencils or crayonsstraight edgecalculator Key Vocabulary: two-digit numbers, tens, ones, multiply Objectives Students will multiply two two-digit numbers correctly. Students will use multiple strategies for multiplying two-digit numbers. Standards Met 4.NBT.5. Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models. Two-Digit Multiplication Lesson Introduction Write 45 x 32 on the board or overhead. Ask students how they would begin to solve it. Several students may know the algorithm for two-digit multiplication. Complete the problem as students indicate. Ask if there are any volunteers who can explain why this algorithm works. Many students who have memorized this algorithm dont understand the underlying place value concepts. Step-by-Step Procedure Tell students that the learning target for this lesson is to be able to multiply two-digit numbers together.As you model this problem for them, ask them to draw and write what you present. This can serve as a reference for them when completing problems later.Begin this process by asking students what the digits in our introductory problem represent. For example, 5 represents 5 ones. 2 represents 2 ones. 4 is 4 tens, and 3 is 3 tens. You can begin this problem by covering the numeral 3. If students believe that they are multiplying 45 x 2, it seems easier.Begin with the ones:45x 32 10  (5 x 2 10)Then move on to the tens digit on the top number and the ones on the bottom number:45x 3210 (5 x 2 10) 80 (40 x 2 80. This is a step where students naturally want to put down â€Å"8† as their answer if they aren’t considering the correct place value. Remind them that â€Å"4† is representing 40, not 4 ones.)Now we need to uncover the numeral 3 and remind students tha t there is a 30 there to consider:45x 321080150 (5 x 30 150) And the last step:45x 3210801501200 (40 x 30 1200)The important part of this lesson is to constantly guide students to remember what each digit represents. The most commonly made mistakes here are place value mistakes.Add the four parts of the problem to find the final answer. Ask students to check this answer using a calculator.Do one additional example using 27 x 18 together. During this problem, ask for volunteers to answer and record the four different parts of the problem:27x 18 56 (7 x 8 56)160 (20 x 8 160) 70 (7 x 10 70)200 (20 x 10 200) Homework and Assessment For homework, ask students to solve three additional problems. Give partial credit for the correct steps if students get the final answer wrong. Evaluation At the end of the mini-lesson, give students three examples to try on their own. Let them know that they can do these in any order; if they want to try the harder one (with larger numbers) first, they are welcome to do so. As students work on these examples, walk around the classroom to evaluate their skill level. You will probably find that several students have grasped the concept of multi-digit multiplication fairly quickly, and are proceeding to work on the problems without too much trouble. Other students are finding it easy to represent the problem, but make minor errors when adding to find the final answer. Other students are going to find this process difficult from beginning to end. Their place value and multiplication knowledge are not quite up to this task. Depending on the number of students who are struggling with this, plan to reteach this lesson to a small group or the larger class very soon.

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals happened in U.S Essay

Recent incidences of corporate or banking scandals happened in U.S companies or financial insitutions - Essay Example At the same time, the Lehman Brothers reduced assets on the left side of the company’s statement of financial position. The Lehman Brothers also systematically used the repos to finance some projects. Instead of reporting that the repos were used for financing reasons, the Lehman Brothers disclosed the repos as asset sales to mislead investors (Elliott and Treanor 5). This allowed the Lehman Brothers to use the proceeds gained from the repo to reduce its leverage right just before the reporting period. By September 2008, the repo proceeds had reached $50 billion resulting in bankruptcy. The investigators were amazed to learn that this amount was even more than the bonds that were due at the time General Motors went bankrupt the previous year. The repo proceeds were also comparable to the gross domestic product of Switzerland in 2008. Amazingly, the top executives of the company then, including its CEO Dick Fuld denied any knowledge of the company’s use of Repo 105 (Elli ott and Treanor 5). It was also amazing that Ernst & Young, the leading audit firm for the company gave unqualified report without noting the misstatements in the company’s books of account.... From the analysis of the case, it became apparent that the company’s top executives made serious errors of business judgments, which ought not to have occurred. For instance, it was unethical for the top executives of the company to mislead investors of the real picture of the company by manipulating the balance sheet. As earlier indicated, the Lehman Brothers tried to stop its demise by falsifying the balance sheet to deceive investors about its true financial picture. This was unethical act, which executives ought to avoid. The company’s financial statement is very important since it shows investors how the company is performing, which also influence their investment decisions (Goldmann and Hilton 21). According to the accounting and auditing standards, the top executives of the company were supposed to report the real financial position of the company. The Lehman Brothers also breached the corporate governance and management ethics by using Repo 105 to manipulate its balance sheet. In this regard, we realize from the case that the Lehman Brothers diverted $50 billion of its toxic assets from its balance sheet in the early 2008 rather than disposing of the repos and reporting the same at a loss. After doing so, Wolff observed that the lack of strong internal control allowed the Lehman Brothers to treat the repo 105 transaction as proceeds instead of financing (2). To make matters worse, the chief financial officer was found to have sent emails indicating that repo 105 should be used to reduce liabilities in the statement of financial position of the country. This was indeed a serious breach of accounting principle. In addition, the top executives of the company failed to disclose the repo 105 to the rating agencies,

Narration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narration - Essay Example It was a pleasant fifteen minute walk. We joked the entire way and enjoyed the much awaited warm breeze swooshing though the trees. Finally the library came into view. It was a small, single level brick building, situated at the corner half covered by tall green trees. We stepped inside and were met by a smiling elderly lady. She escorted us to a corner in the children’s section and seated us at the small wooden and colorful benches designed for kids. Our teacher looked comical, hunched down on a purple stool, her knees bent at an odd angel because there wasn’t any room. The librarian proceeded to tell us about the general rules of etiquette of the library. I tuned out and busied myself in observing the quaint and serene atmosphere. For some reason, the quietness of the library and the overwhelming feeling of being surrounded by so many books put me to awe. I didn’t know why but I loved everything about this ordinary little building. The softness of the carpet beneath my sneakers, the quiet rustling of the indoor plants, the soft and soothing overhead lights, and the smell of new and old books mingled together gave me a sense of calm and comfort. I was jolted by the sudden sound of everyone getting up and snapped out of my daydreaming. The librarian, along with our teacher, was ready to give us a brief tour of the library. The building was basically divided into two sections, the adult and the kids. The checkout desk in the middle separated the two areas and was surrounded by a low shelf filled with bright blue encyclopedias. The librarian picked up a bunch of sheets from the desk and brought us back to where we were seated before. The time had at last come to fill out our individual applications. I felt strangely grownup as I carefully penciled in my name and phone number. We all handed in the applications and the librarian told us to look around because we could each take home two books of our own choosing at the end of the

Beloved Essay -- miscellaneous

Beloved Everyday, people are faced with choices. Some of life’s choices are simple, such as deciding what to wear to school or choosing a television station to watch. Other choices, however, are much more serious and have life-altering consequences. Sethe, the protagonist of Beloved, and Sophie, the main focus in Sophie’s Choice, are mothers that are faced with choices that change their entire lives. While the time period and characters involved differ, the choices of Sethe and Sophie can easily be compared. First and foremost, Sethe and Sophie both make choices that lead to the killing of their children. In both pieces, the actions of the mothers cause the audience to think twice about the limits of maternal love. Sethe tries to kill her children to save them from a life of slavery. Sethe’s plot was unsuccessful, for only one daughter was murdered. To fully understand Sethe’s actions, the reader must realize that on that August afternoon in 1855, Sethe reaches for the handsaw to protect her children from Schoolteacher. Sethe wants to murder her other children, but they escape before she can harm them. Sethe truly believes that she is saving her family from the pain of slavery, and, as a result, her choice alienates her from the rest of her community. Nobody in the area wants anything to do with Sethe after the death of her daughter. Like Sethe, Sophie also attempts to spare her family from pain. She is also faced with a gruesome choice that ends up affecting the res...

The Reality of Married Life

John J. Robinson in his book â€Å"Of Suchness† gives the following advice on love, sex and married life. â€Å"Be careful and discreet; it is much easier to get married than unmarried. If you have the right mate, it's heavenly; but if not, you live in a twenty-four-hour daily hell that clings constantly to you, it can be one of the bitterest things in life. Life is indeed strange. Somehow, when you find the right one, you know it in your heart. It is not just an infatuation of the moment. But the powerful urges of sex drive a young person headlong into blind acts and one cannot trust his feelings too much. This is especially true if one drinks and get befuddled; the lousiest slut in a dark bar can look like a Venus then, and her charms become irresistible. Love is much more than sex though; it is the biological foundation between a man and a woman; love and sex get all inter-twined and mixed up†. Problems Almost everyday, we hear people complaining about their marriages. Very seldom do we hear stories about a happy marriage. Young people reading romantic novels and seeing romantic films often conclude that marriage is a bed of roses. Unfortunately, marriage is not as sweet as one thinks. Marriage and problems are interrelated and' people must remember that when they are getting married, they will have to face problems and responsibilities that they had never expected or experienced hitherto. People often think that it is a duty to get married and that marriage is a very important event in their lives. However, in order to ensure a successful marriage, a couple has to harmonize their lives by minimizing whatever differences they may have between them. Marital problems prompted a cynic to say that there can only be a peaceful married life if the marriage is between a blind wife and a deaf husband, for the blind wife cannot see the faults of the husband and a deaf husband cannot hear the nagging of his wife. Sharing and Trust One of the major causes of marital problems is suspicion and mistrust. Marriage is a blessing but many people make it a curse due to lack of understanding. Both husband and wife should show implicit trust for one another and try not to have secrets between them. Secrets create suspicion, suspicion leads to jealously, jealousy generates anger, anger causes enmity and enmity may result in separation, suicide or even murder. If a couple can share pain and pleasure in their day-to-day life, they can console each other and minimize their grievances. Thus, the wife or husband should not expect to experience only pleasure. There will be a lot of painful, miserable experiences that they will have to face. They must have the strong willpower to reduce their burdens and misunderstandings. Discussing mutual problems will give them confidence to live together with better understanding. Man and woman need the comfort of each other when facing problems and difficulties. The feelings of insecurity and unrest will disappear and life will be more meaningful, happy and interesting if there is someone who is willing to share another's burden. Blinded by Emotions When two people are in love, they tend to show only the best aspects of their nature and character to each other in order to project a good impression of themselves. Love is said to be blind and hence people in love tend to become completely oblivious of the darker side of each other's natures. In practice, each will try to highlight his or her sterling qualities to the other; and being so engrossed in love, they tend to accept each other at â€Å"face value† only. Each lover will not disclose the darker side of his or her nature for fear of losing the other. Any personal shortcomings are discreetly swept under the carpet, so to speak, so as not to jeopardize their chances of winning each other. People in love also tend to ignore their partner's faults thinking that they will be able to correct them after marriage, or that they can live with these faults, that â€Å"love will conquer all†. However, after marriage, as the initial romantic mood wears off, the true nature of each other's character will be revealed. Then, much to the disappointment of both parties, the proverbial veil that had so far been concealing the innermost feelings of each partner is removed to expose the true nature of both partners. It is then that disillusion sets in. Material Needs Love by itself does not subsist on fresh air and sunshine alone. The present world is a materialistic world and in order to meet your material needs, proper financing and budgeting is essential. Without it, no family can live comfortably. Such a situation aptly bears out the saying that â€Å"when poverty knocks at the door, love flies through the window†. This does not mean that one must be rich to make a marriage work. However, if one has the bare necessities of life provided through a secure job and careful planning, many unnecessary anxieties can be removed from a marriage. The discomfort of poverty can be averted if there is complete understanding between the couple. Both partners must understand the value of contentment. Both must treat all problems as â€Å"our problems† and share all the â€Å"ups† and â€Å"downs† in the true spirit of a long-standing life partnership.

Women in Indian Captivity Narratives Race and Gender

A genre of American literature has been the Indian captivity narrative. In these stories, its usually women who are kidnapped and held captive by American Indians. And the women who are taken captive are white women—women of European descent. Gender Roles These captivity narratives are part of the cultures definition of what a proper woman should be and do. Women in these narratives are not treated as women should be—they often see the violent deaths of husbands, brothers, and children. The women also are unable to fulfill normal womens roles: unable to protect their own children, unable to dress neatly and cleanly or in the proper garments, unable to restrict their sexual activity to marriage to the appropriate kind of man. They are forced into roles unusual for women, including violence in their own defense or that of children, physical challenges such as long journeys by foot, or trickery of their captors. Even the fact that they publish stories of their lives is stepping outside normal womens behavior! Racial Stereotypes The captivity stories also perpetuate stereotypes of Indians and settlers and were part of the on-going conflict between these groups as the settlers moved westward. In a society in which men are expected to be the protectors of women, the kidnapping of women is viewed as an attack or an affront of the males in the society, as well. The stories serve thus as a call for retaliation as well as for caution in relating to these dangerous natives. Sometimes the narratives also challenge some of the racial stereotypes. By depicting the captors as individuals, often as people who also face troubles and challenges, the captors are also made more human. In either case, these Indian captive narratives serve a directly political purpose and can be seen as a kind of political propaganda. Religion The captivity narratives also usually refer to the religious contrast between the Christian captive and the pagan Indians. Mary Rowlandsons captivity story, for instance, was published in 1682 with a subtitle that included her name as Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, a Ministers Wife in New England. That edition also included A Sermon on the Possibility of Gods Forsaking a People that have been near and dear to him, Preached by Mr. Joseph Rowlandson, Husband to the said Mrs. Rowlandson, It being his Last Sermon. The captivity narratives served to define piety and womens proper devotion to their religion and to give a religious message about the value of faith in times of adversity. Sensationalism Indian captivity narratives can also be seen as part of a long history of sensational literature. Women are depicted outside their normal roles, creating surprise and even shock. There are hints or more of improper sexual treatment—forced marriage or rape. Violence and sex—then and now, a combination that sells books. Many novelists took up these themes of life among the heathens. Slave Narratives and Indian Captivity Narratives Slave narratives share some of the characteristics of Indian captivity narratives: defining and challenging womens proper roles and racial stereotypes, serving as political propaganda (often for abolitionist sentiments with some ideas of womens rights), and selling books through shock value, violence and hints of sexual misconduct. Literary Theories Captivity narratives have been of special interest to postmodern literary and cultural analysis, looking at key issues: gender and culturenarratives versus objective truth Womens History Questions on Captivity Narratives How can the field of womens history use the Indian captivity narratives to understand womens lives? Here are some productive questions: Sort out fact from fiction in them. How much is influenced unconsciously by cultural assumptions and expectations? How much is sensationalized for the sake of making the book more  salable,  or better political propaganda?Examine how the views of women (and Indians) are influenced by the culture of the time.  What was the political correctness of the time (standard themes and attitudes that needed to be included in order to be acceptable to audiences)? What do the assumptions that shaped the exaggerations or understatements say about the experience of women in that time?Look at the relationship of womens experience to the historical context. For example, to understand King Phillips War, the story of Mary Rowlandson is important—and vice versa, for her story means less if we dont understand the context in which it took place and was written. What events in history made it important that this captivity narrative  is  published? What events influenced the actions of the settlers and the Indians?Look at ways in which women did surprising things in the books, or told surprising stories about the Native Americans. How much was a narrative a challenge to assumptions and stereotypes, and how much reinforcement of them?How did gender roles differ in the cultures depicted?  What was the effect on the lives of women of these different roles—how did they spend their time, what influence did they have on events? Specific Women in Captivity Narratives These are some women captives—some are famous (or infamous), some less well-known. Mary White Rowlandson: she lived about 1637 to  1711,  and was a captive in 1675 for almost three months. Hers was the first of the captivity narratives to be published in  America  and went through numerous editions.  Her treatment of the Native Americans is often sympathetic. Mary Rowlandson  - biography with selected web and print resources Mary Jemison:  captured during the French and Indian War and sold to the Seneca, she became a member of the Senecas and was renamed Dehgewanus. In 1823 a writer interviewed her and the next year published a first-person narrative of Mary Jemisons life. Mary Jemison Biography Olive Ann Oatman Fairchild and Mary Ann Oatman:  captured by Yavapai Indians (or, perhaps, Apache) in Arizona in 1851, then sold to Mojave Indians. Mary died in captivity, reportedly of abuse and starvation. Olive was ransomed in 1856. She later lived in California and New York. Olive Ann Oatman FairchildBook:Lorenzo D. Oatman, Oliva A. Oatman, Royal B. Stratton.  The Captivity of the Oatman Girls Among the Apache and Mohave Indians.  Dover, 1994. Susannah Johnson: captured by Abenaki Indians in August 1754, she and her family were taken to Quebec where they were sold into enslavement by the French. She was released in 1758, and in 1796, wrote of her captivity.  It was one of the more popular such narratives to read. A Narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson: Containing an Account of Her Sufferings During Four Years With the Indians and French Elizabeth Hanson: captured by Abenaki Indians in New Hampshire in 1725, with four of her children, the youngest two weeks old. She was taken to Canada, where the French eventually took her in. She was ransomed with three of her children by her husband some months later.  Her daughter, Sarah, had been separated and taken to a different camp; she later married a French man and stayed in Canada; her father died traveling to Canada to try to bring her back.  Her account, first published in 1728, draws on her Quaker beliefs that it was Gods will that she survived, and emphasized how women should behave even in adversity. An Account of the Captivity of Elizabeth Hanson, Now or Late of Kachecky, in New-England: Who, With Four of Her Children and Servant-maid, Was Taken Captive By the Indians, and Carried Into Canada Frances and Almira Hall:  captives in the Black Hawk War, they lived in Illinois. The girls were sixteen and eighteen when they were captured in an attack in the ongoing war between the settlers and the Native Americans.  The girls, who according to their account were to be married to young chiefs, were freed into the hands of Winebagoe Indians, on payment of ransom that had been given to them by Illinois troops who had been unable to find the girls.  The account depicts the Indians as merciless savages. As written by William P. Edwards, 1832 Rachel Plummer:  captured May 19,  1836,  by Comanche Indians, she was released in 1838 and died in 1839 after her narrative was published. Her son, who was a toddler when they were captured, was ransomed in 1842 and raised by her father (his grandfather). Fanny Wiggins Kelly: Canadian born, Fanny Wiggins moved with her family to Kansas where she married Josiah Kelly.  The Kelly family including a niece and adopted daughter and two colored servants went by wagon train headed for the far northwest, either Montana or Idaho. They were attacked and looted by Oglala Sioux in Wyoming.  Some of the men were killed, Josiah Kelly and another man were captured, and Fanny, another adult woman, and the two girls were captured. The adopted girl was killed after trying to escape, the other woman escaped. She eventually engineered a rescue and was reunited with her husband. Several different accounts, with key details changed, exist of her captivity, and the woman captured with her,  Sarah Larimer,  also published about her capture, and Fanny Kelly sued her for plagiarism. Narrative of My Captivity Among the Sioux Indians 1845  - published 1871Another copy Minnie Buce Carrigan: captured in Buffalo Lake, Minnesota, at seven years old, having settled there as part of a German immigrant community. Increased conflict between settlers and the native Americans who opposed the encroachment led to several incidents of murder. Her parents were killed in a raid by about 20 Sioux, as were two of her sisters, and she and a sister and brother were taken captive.  They were turned over to soldiers eventually. Her account describes how the community took back in many of the captured children, and how guardians took the settlement from her parents farm and cunningly appropriated it.  She lost track of her brother but believed him to have died in the battle Gen. Custer lost. Captured by the Indians - reminiscences of pioneer life in Minnesota - 1862 Cynthia Ann Parker: abducted in 1836 in Texas by Indians, she was part of the Comanche community for almost 25 years until abducted again—by Texas Rangers. Her son, Quanah Parker, was the last Comanche chief. She died of starvation, apparently from grief at being separated from the Comanche people which whom she identified. Cynthia Ann Parker  - from The Handbook of Texas OnlineBooks:Margaret Schmidt Hacker.  Cynthia Ann Parker: The Life and the Legend.  Texas Western, 1990. Martins Hundred:  the fate of twenty women captured in the Powhatan Uprising of 1622 is not known to history Martins Hundred Also: Written by Charlotte Alice Baker, 1897:  True  Stories of New England Captives Carried to Canada During the Old French and Indian Wars Bibliography Further reading on the subject of women captives: stories about American women settlers taken captive by Indians, also called Indian Captivity Narratives, and what these mean to historians and as literary works: Christopher Castiglia.  Bound and Determined: Captivity, Culture-Crossing and White Womanhood. University of Chicago, 1996.Kathryn and James Derounian and Arthur Levernier.  Indian Captivity Narrative, 1550-1900. Twayne, 1993.Kathryn Derounian-Stodola, editor.  Womens Indian Captivity Narratives.  Penguin, 1998.Frederick Drimmer (editor).  Captured by the Indians: 15 Firsthand Accounts, 1750-1870.  Dover, 1985.Gary L. Ebersole.  Captured By Texts: Puritan to Postmodern Images of Indian Captivity.  Virginia, 1995.Rebecca Blevins Faery.  Cartographies of Desire: Captivity, Race, and Sex in the Shaping on an American Nation.  University of Oklahoma, 1999.June Namias.  White Captives: Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier.  University of North Carolina, 1993.Mary Ann Samyn.  Captivity Narrative.  Ohio State University, 1999.Gordon M. Sayre, Olaudah Equiano, and Paul Lauter, editors.  American Captivity Narratives. D C Heath, 2000.Pauline Turner Stron g.  Captive Selves, Captivating Others.  Westview Press, 2000.